References for Musculoskeletal issues
Çelik, D., Van Der Veer, P., & Tiryaki, P. (2024). The Clinical Significance of Mulligan’s Mobilization with Movement in Shoulder Pathologies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Journal of integrative and complementary medicine. https://doi.org/10.1089/jicm.2024.0200
Stathopoulos, N., Dimitriadis, Z., & Koumantakis, G. (2019). Effectiveness of Mulligan’s mobilization with movement techniques on pain and disability of peripheral joints: a systematic review with meta-analysis between 2008-2017.. Physiotherapy, 105 1, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2018.10.001
Ozlu, O., & Şahin, M. (2024). The effect of mulligan mobilization technique application in addition to conventional physiotherapy on pain and joint range of motion in people with neck pain.. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 39, 225-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.009
Westad, K., Tjoestolvsen, F., & Hebron, C. (2019). The effectiveness of Mulligan’s mobilisation with movement (MWM) on peripheral joints in musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions: A systematic review.. Musculoskeletal science & practice, 39, 157-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2018.12.001
Hamza, M., Ashraf, W., Arif, K., Mohsin, A., & Afzal, H. (2025). EFFECT OF MULLIGAN MEDIAL/LATERAL GLIDE WITH AND WITHOUT COMPRESSION/DECOMPRESSION TECHNIQUE ON PAIN, RANGE OF MOTION, AND FUNCTION ON PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS. Insights-Journal of Health and Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.71000/43k1sb51
Celik, T., & Menek, B. (2025). The effect of Mulligan and Maitland techniques on pain, functionality, proprioception, and quality of life in individuals with rotator cuff lesions.. Journal of hand therapy : official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2024.12.018
Bhagat, M., Neelapala, Y., & Gangavelli, R. (2019). Immediate effects of Mulligan’s techniques on pain and functional mobility in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized control trial.. Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy, e1812. https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.1812
ElMeligie, M., Abdeen, H., Atef, H., Marques-Sule, E., & Karkosha, R. (2025). The effectiveness of mulligan mobilization with movement (MWM) on outcomes of patients with ankle sprain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01121-6
Li, L., Hu, X., Di, Y., & Jiao, W. (2022). Effectiveness of Maitland and Mulligan mobilization methods for adults with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 10, 954 – 965. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i3.954
Nambi, G., Alghadier, M., Ebrahim, E., Vellaiyan, A., Tedla, J., Reddy, R., Kakaraparthi, V., Aldhafian, O., Alshahrani, N., & Saleh, A. (2022). Comparative Effects of Mulligan’s Mobilization, Spinal Manipulation, and Conventional Massage Therapy in Cervicogenic Headache—A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Healthcare, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010107
Cevik, R., & Pala, O. (2024). Effects of upper thoracic Mulligan mobilization on pain, range of motion and function in patients with mechanical neck pain: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. PLOS ONE, 19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311206
Elabd, O., Etoom, M., Jahan, A., Elabd, A., Khedr, A., & Elgohary, H. (2024). The Efficacy of Muscle Energy and Mulligan Mobilization Techniques for the Upper Extremities and Posture after Breast Cancer Surgery with Axillary Dissection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13040980
Barbosa-Silva, J., Luc, A., De Oliveira-Souza, A., De Abreu, R., Cipriano, J., De Schaetzen, M., Pitance, L., & Armijo-Olivo, S. (2025). The Effectiveness of Mulligan’s Techniques in Non‐Specific Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Physiotherapy Research International, 30. https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.70045
Szomiński, P., & Bacz, D. (2021). The effectiveness of headache treatment using manual therapy techniques according to the Brian Mulligan concept. Physiotherapy Review. https://doi.org/10.5114/for.2021.106946
References for Parkinson’s
Dorsey, E., Bloem, B., & Okun, M. (2020). A New Day: The Role of Telemedicine in Reshaping Care for Persons With Movement Disorders. Movement Disorders, 35. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28296
Dorsey, E., Okun, M., & Bloem, B. (2020). Care, Convenience, Comfort, Confidentiality, and Contagion: The 5 C’s that Will Shape the Future of Telemedicine. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 10, 893 – 897. https://doi.org/10.3233/jpd-202109
Darweesh, M., Munneke, M., Bastiaan, P., Bloem, R., Bloem, B., Henderson, E., Dorsey, R., Okun, M., Okubadejo, N., Chan, P., Andrejack, J., & Darweesh, S. (2020). Integrated and patient-centred management of Parkinson’s disease: a network model for reshaping chronic neurological care. The Lancet. Neurology, 19, 623 – 634. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30064-8
Rosenthal, L., & Dorsey, R. (2013). The benefits of exercise in Parkinson disease.. JAMA neurology, 70 2, 156-7. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.772
Schootemeijer, S., Van Der Kolk, N., Bloem, B., & De Vries, N. (2020). Current Perspectives on Aerobic Exercise in People with Parkinson’s Disease. Neurotherapeutics, 17, 1418 – 1433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-020-00904-8
Van Der Heide, A., Meinders, M., Bloem, B., & Helmich, R. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychological Distress, Physical Activity, and Symptom Severity in Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 10, 1355 – 1364. https://doi.org/10.3233/jpd-202251
Van Der Heide, A., Meinders, M., Speckens, A., Peerbolte, T., Bloem, B., & Helmich, R. (2020). Stress and Mindfulness in Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Effects and Potential Underlying Mechanisms. Movement Disorders, 36, 64 – 70. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28345
Aarsland, D., Batzu, L., Halliday, G., Geurtsen, G., Ballard, C., Chaudhuri, R., & Weintraub, D. (2021). Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 7, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-021-00280-3
Okun, M. (2024). U.S. Tax Credits to Promote Practical Proactive Preventative Care for Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 14, 221 – 226. https://doi.org/10.3233/jpd-240046
Van Der Heide, A., Speckens, A., Meinders, M., Rosenthal, L., Bloem, B., & Helmich, R. (2021). Stress and mindfulness in Parkinson’s disease – a survey in 5000 patients. NPJ Parkinson’s Disease, 7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-020-00152-9
References Dementias and cognitive impairments
Demurtas, J., Schoene, D., Torbahn, G., Marengoni, A., Grande, G., Zou, L., Petrovic, M., Maggi, S., Cesari, M., Lamb, S., Soysal, P., Kemmler, W., Sieber, C., Mueller, C., Shenkin, S., Schwingshackl, L., Smith, L., & Veronese, N. (2020). Physical Activity and Exercise in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: An Umbrella Review of Intervention and Observational Studies.. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 21 10, 1415-1422.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.08.031
Law, C., Lam, F., Chung, R., & Pang, M. (2019). Physical exercise attenuates cognitive decline and reduces behavioural problems in people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review.. Journal of physiotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2019.11.014
Groot, C., Hooghiemstra, A., Hooghiemstra, A., Raijmakers, P., Berckel, B., Scheltens, P., Scherder, E., Flier, W., & Ossenkoppele, R. (2016). The effect of physical activity on cognitive function in patients with dementia: A meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Ageing Research Reviews, 25, 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2015.11.005
Vlachos, G., & Scarmeas, N. (2019). Dietary interventions in mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 21, 69 – 82. https://doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2019.21.1/nscarmeas
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Karssemeijer, E., Aaronson, J., Bossers, W., Smits, T., Rikkert, M., & Kessels, R. (2017). Positive effects of combined cognitive and physical exercise training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews, 40, 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2017.09.003
van den Brink, A., Brouwer-Brolsma, E., Berendsen, A., & van de Rest, O. (2019). The Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diets Are Associated with Less Cognitive Decline and a Lower Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease—A Review. Advances in Nutrition, 10, 1040 – 1065. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz054
Huang, X., Zhao, X., Li, B., Cai, Y., Zhang, S., Wan, Q., & Yu, F. (2021). Comparative efficacy of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 11, 212 – 223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2021.05.003
He, Q., Bennett, A., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Tong, S., & Chan, K. (2025). Nutritional Interventions for Preventing Cognitive Decline in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Network Meta-Analysis and Mendelian Randomization Study.. Clinical nutrition ESPEN. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.040
Venegas-Sanabria, L., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., Cavero-Redondo, I., Chavarro-Carvajal, D., Cano-Gutierrez, C., & Álvarez‐Bueno, C. (2020). Effect of physical activity on cognitive domains in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Aging & Mental Health, 25, 1977 – 1985. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2020.1839862
Yan, J., Li, X., Guo, X., Lin, Y., Wang, S., Cao, Y., Lin, H., Dai, Y., Ding, Y., & Liu, W. (2023). Effect of the multicomponent exercise on cognition, physical function and activities of daily life in older adults with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2023.04.011
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Chronic Disease Reference
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Martemucci, G., Khalil, M., Di Luca, A., Abdallah, H., & D’Alessandro, A. (2024). Comprehensive Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: How Nutrition, Dietary Polyphenols, Physical Activity, and Lifestyle Modifications Address Diabesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Neurodegenerative Conditions. Metabolites, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14060327
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Onu, A., Trofin, D., Tutu, A., Onu, I., Galaction, A., Sardaru, D., Trofin, D., Onita, C., Iordan, D., & Matei, D. (2025). Integrative Strategies for Preventing and Managing Metabolic Syndrome: The Impact of Exercise and Diet on Oxidative Stress Reduction—A Review. Life, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15050757
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Tkaczenko, H., & Kurhaluk, N. (2025). Antioxidant-Rich Functional Foods and Exercise: Unlocking Metabolic Health Through Nrf2 and Related Pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031098
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Bone Density references
Bielecka, L. (2025). Sports and Bone Health: The Impact of Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Density. Quality in Sport. https://doi.org/10.12775/qs.2025.37.57211
Watson, S. (2019). LIFTMOR: Lifting Intervention For Training Muscle and Osteoporosis Rehabilitation.
Rondanelli, M., Faliva, M., Barrile, G., Cavioni, A., Mansueto, F., Mazzola, G., Oberto, L., Patelli, Z., Pirola, M., Tartara, A., Riva, A., Petrangolini, G., & Peroni, G. (2021). Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Dietary Supplementation to Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss: A Food Pyramid. Nutrients, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010074
Kopiczko, A., Bałdyka, J., Adamczyk, J., Nyrć, M., & Gryko, K. (2025). Association between long-term exercise with different osteogenic index, dietary patterns, body composition, biological factors, and bone mineral density in female elite masters athletes. Scientific Reports, 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93891-9
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Huwae, T., Irsan, I., Asmiragani, S., Sananta, P., Phatama, K., Herwanto, M., Cahyani, R., & Almadita, T. (2025). Impact of Daily Habits on Bone Mass Density: A Study on Protein Intake, Physical Activity, and Caffeine Consumption in Indonesian Society. Journal of Neonatal Surgery. https://doi.org/10.52783/jns.v14.2723
Akkuş, Ö., & Atalay, B. (2020). Post-menopausal osteoporosis: do body composition, nutritional habits, and physical activity affect bone mineral density?. Nutricion hospitalaria. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03214
Florvåg, A., Berg, Ø., Røksund, O., Jorem, G., & Bogen, B. (2025). Exercise interventions to improve bone mineral density in athletes participating in low-impact sports: a scoping review. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08316-5
Wolf, J., Schoene, D., Kohl, M., Kemmler, W., & Kiesswetter, E. (2025). Effects of combined protein and exercise interventions on bone health in middle-aged and older adults — A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoporosis International, 36, 609 – 625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-025-07393-5
Wang, Y., Long, L., Liu, L., Fan, P., Zheng, X., Li, X., Wang, Y., Xu, B., & Tao, Y. (2025). Association of the various physical activity patterns with low bone mineral density in Americans aged 20-60.. Archives of osteoporosis, 20 1, 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-024-01479-z
Papadopoulou, S., Papadimitriou, K., Voulgaridou, G., Georgaki, E., Tsotidou, E., Zantidou, O., & Papandreou, D. (2021). Exercise and Nutrition Impact on Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia—The Incidence of Osteosarcopenia: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124499
Mages, M., Shojaa, M., Kohl, M., Von Stengel, S., Becker, C., Gosch, M., Jakob, F., Kerschan-Schindl, K., Kladny, B., Klöckner, N., Lange, U., Middeldorf, S., Peters, S., Schoene, D., Sieber, C., Tholen, R., Thomasius, F., Uder, M., & Kemmler, W. (2021). Exercise Effects on Bone Mineral Density in Men. Nutrients, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124244
Borsati, A., Adamoli, G., Giannarelli, D., Belluomini, L., Trevisan, A., Schenal, P., Bettariga, F., Markarian, A., Schena, F., Milella, M., Newton, R., Pilotto, S., & Avancini, A. (2025). Effect of exercise on bone-related outcomes in patients with cancer affected by bone metastases or bone loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-025-07645-4
Rehab before and after orthopaedic surgery
Punnoose, A., Claydon‐Mueller, L., Weiss, O., Zhang, J., Rushton, A., & Khanduja, V. (2023). Prehabilitation for Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery. JAMA Network Open, 6. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8050
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Karimijashni, M., Yoo, S., Barnes, K., Lessard-Dostie, H., Dabbagh, A., Ramsay, T., & Poitras, S. (2025). Postoperative Rehabilitation Interventions in Patients at Risk of Poorer Outcomes Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review. Musculoskeletal Care, 23. https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.70054
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Yang, Q., Yang, H., Zhao, J., & Ren, L. (2025). Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Rehabilitation Protocols Significantly Improve Postoperative Pain and Recovery in Ankle Fracture Surgery. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 21, 841 – 850. https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s517790
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Balance
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